Archive for the ‘Dealing with Police’ Category

Utah’s Open Container Law

Jesse, on the topic of  Alcohol, Dealing with Police, Utah Law
0comment

Most states prohibit people from possessing or drinking alcohol from an open container in certain areas.  One of those areas is  a vehicle traveling on a road.  Utah’s Open Container law prohibits people from drinking, keeping, or transporting any alcoholic beverage with a broken seal in the passenger compartment.

A person may not keep, carry, possess, transport, or allow another to keep, carry, possess, or transport in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, when the vehicle is on any highway, any container which contains any alcoholic beverage if the container has been opened, its seal broken, or the contents of the container partially consumed.  U.C.A. § 41-6a-526(3).

This doesn’t mean that after opening an expensive bottle of wine, a person cannot bring it to a friend’s house for dinner.  Utah’s Open Container law only prohibits people from putting in the passenger compartment, which is defined as “the area of the vehicle normally occupied by the operator and passengers” and “areas accessible to the operator and passengers while traveling, including a utility or glove compartment.”  U.C.A. § 41-6a-526(1)(d)(i-ii).  The passenger compartment does not include “a separate front or rear trunk compartment or other area of the vehicle not accessible to the operator or passengers while inside the vehicle.”  U.C.A. § 41-6a-526(1)(d)(iii).

Therefore, you should always put open bottles of alcohol in the trunk of your car.  Not only will this protect from breaking Utah’s Open Container law, but it will also protect you from an unauthorized police search of your vehicle.  To search the trunk of a car, police need a search warrant.

If you have been charged with violating Utah’s Open Container law, contact a qualified Utah criminal attorney who can help defend you against this charge.

Falsely Accused of being a Utah Gang Member?

Jesse, on the topic of  Constitutional Rights, Dealing with Police, Utah Law
0comment

Photo: vabellon

Wearing certain clothing, being in a certain place, or being of a certain racial minority could possibly identify you as a gang member to police.  Seems unfair?  It is.  And during the 2009 Utah Legislative session, lawmakers made it easier for police to arrest innocent racial minorities for standing in the wrong place for too long and accuse them of being a member of a gang.

Senate Bill 16 (which was passed and is now law), sponsored by Senator Jon Griener (who is the Odgen City Police Chief), allows police officers to confront a group of people and tell them to disperse.  The only requirements are that the police officer must “reasonably believe” that the group includes at least one gang member and the area where people are in is a “gang area.”  There is no limitation on how big the “area” can be, so a “gang area” could be the entire city of West Valley.

If you don’t disperse, the police officer can arrest you and will be charged with a class B misdemeanor and a $100 fine.

So imagine that you are standing in front of your house on the sidewalk with your friends, two who are a racial minority.  You live in a safe place in West Valley, but the entire city has been designated a “gang area” because the mayor is “tough on crime.”  A West Valley police officer comes up to you and your friends and tells you that you can’t stand on the sidewalk.  When you point to your house, he accuses you of refusing to leave and arrests all of you.  Even though your friends aren’t gang members, the police only has to “reasonably believe” that someone is a gang member.  Because most gang members are racial minorities, the police can target anyone who looks a certain way or has a darker skin color.

Although the First Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees citizens a right to assemble (meaning that they can gather in public without fear of arrest), Utah’s new law goes against that right.  If police make a group of people with no gang affiliation disperse, they have violated that group’s constitutional rights.

If you were arrested and accused of being a gang member, you should contact a skilled Utah criminal defense lawyer who can help you claim your innocence.

How To Get Jail Time For A Speeding Ticket

Jesse, on the topic of  Dealing with Police
0comment

If you watch the video below, you’ll see that rather than being silent, the person pulled over tried to argue with the cop. If you are pulled over, don’t argue with the cop. Don’t say anything incriminating because those statements can be used against you in court.

And most importantly, when you drive away, make sure your car isn’t in reverse.

U.S. Supreme Court: Arizona v. Gant

Before the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Arizona v. Gant, police could arrest you and then search your car for “officer safety.”  The reasoning, from a previous Supreme Court ruling (New York v. Belton), was that an arrestee standing near the car might reach into the vehicle to grab a weapon and injure the police officer.

Many legal scholars and attorneys thought that this standard failed to meet the standard of probable cause.  That is, after arresting someone, the police officers wouldn’t have probable cause to search the vehicle because the arrestee wouldn’t have access to the vehicle.

Thanks to the new Supreme Court ruling, police officers in Utah  cannot simply arrest someone and then search the car.  The only way police in Utah can search an arrestee’s car is if they reasonably believe that (1) the arrested individual might access the vehicle at the time of the search; or (2) the arrested individual’s vehicle contains evidence of the offense that led to the arrest.

Remember, if you are arrested and police ask to search your car, refuse!  If they do search the car without your consent, do not argue and let them.  This is a legal issue that can be dealt with later by an adept and seasoned Utah criminal defense lawyer.

When dealing with the police remember the three golden rules:
1. Don’t trust or believe the police.
2. Don’t resist being handcuffed.
3. Don’t say a damn thing.

Question: Do I have to talk to Salt Lake Police?

Jesse, on the topic of  Constitutional Rights, Dealing with Police
0comment
Photo: Thomas Hawk

Photo: Thomas Hawk

 

Q:  A Salt Lake City police officer stopped me on the street and asked me if he could ask some questions.  I felt like I had no choice but to say yes.  He asked me a few questions and then let me go.  Could I have said no?

There are three levels of stops in Utah: Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3.  The difference between the three is how much a police officer suspects you of committing a crime.  The more he suspects that you did something illegal, the more legal authority he has in keeping you from walking away.

It sounds like you experienced a Level 1 stop, which means you could have politely declined to answer any questions.  Think of this as a stranger who walks up to you to ask a question: you can always say no.  When the officer asks, be polite and say something like, “I’m sorry, I’m in a hurry.  Have a nice day!”  If the officer didn’t suspect you of anything when he first asked the question, he cannot detain you.

If the cop tries to intimidate you to answer his questions, you should ask, “Are you detaining me right now, or am I free to leave?”  If this really is a Level 1 stop, the officer should let you go on your way.

A Level 2 stop is when a police officer has “reasonable articulable suspicion” that you committed a crime.  This means that the officer reasonably suspects that you are involved in illegal activity.  A Level 3 stop is when the officer has “probable cause” that you committed the crime, meaning that he thinks that you probably did something illegal.  Under both a Level 2 and Level 3 stop, the cops are detaining you.  You are not free to leave.

If an officer tells you that you are not free to leave, the officer should be able to tell you why you are being detained.  If the cop starts asking you questions, the only questions you are obligated to answer are questions about your name, address, and explanation of your actions.  You do not have to answer questions that could incriminate you.  If you are being questioned by a police officer, simply ask for an attorney and the questioning should stop. At your next available opportunity, you should contact an experienced Utah criminal defense attorney to assist you through the investigation.

When dealing with the police remember the three golden rules:

1. Don’t trust or believe the police.
2. Don’t resist being handcuffed.
3. Don’t say a damn thing.